COURSE OVERVIEW
Who is this course for?
This course is relevant to anyone working in GC analysis. It is applicable to most instrument designs.
Previous Knowledge
Good knowledge of chromatography and associated data.
What you will learn
- General concepts and benefits
- Most critical parameters for HS sampling
- GC requirements and specifics of HS instrumentation
- Guidelines to method development
- Quantitative approaches to HS analysis
COURSE OUTLINE
Silylation in GC
- Reaction Mechanism and Purpose
- Common Reagents: BSTFA, MSTFA, TMS, TMCS
- Applications and Examples (e.g., Steroids, Fatty Acids, Sugars)
- Optimization of Reaction Conditions
Acylation in GC
- Reaction Mechanism and Purpose
- Common Reagents: TFAA, PFPA, Acetic Anhydride
- Applications in Analyzing Hydroxyl- and Amine-Containing Compounds
- Comparison with Other Derivatization Techniques
Alkylation in GC
- Reaction Mechanism and Purpose
- Common Reagents: Methylation (BF3-MeOH), Ethylation, Propylation
- Applications for Fatty Acid and Phenol Analysis
Internal Standards and Calibration Strategies
- Choosing an Appropriate Internal Standard
- Optimizing Internal Standard Performance
Esterification in GC
- Reaction Mechanism and Purpose
- Common Reagents: Methanol-Sulfuric Acid, BF3-MeOH, Diazomethane
- Applications in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) Analysis
Practical Aspects, Optimization, and Troubleshooting
- Choosing the Right Derivatization Reagent Based on the Analyte
- Influence of Temperature, Solvent, and Reaction Time
- Use of Catalysts and Buffers in Derivatization Reactions
Sample Preparation and Reaction Optimization
Instrumental Considerations in GC Analysis of Derivatized Samples
- Inlet and Column Selection for Derivatized Compounds
- Carrier Gas Considerations
- Effect on Detector Response (FID, ECD, MS)
Common Pitfalls and Troubleshooting in Derivatization
- Incomplete Derivatization and How to Avoid It
- Side Reactions and By-Products
- Stability of Derivatized Compounds During Analysis
- Sample Contamination and Cleaning Strategies
Case Studies and Applications
- Real-World Applications of Derivatization in Food, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Analysis
- Step-by-Step Example of Derivatization in Fatty Acid Analysis (FAMEs) and simple sugars
- Discussion on Emerging Trends and New Reagents in Derivatization
Q&A and Closing Discussion
- Summary of Key Concepts
- Open Discussion on Challenges Faced in Derivatization
- Resources for Further Learning